Ivatan language

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• Wikang_Ibatan
• ภาษาอีวาตัน

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The Ivatan language, also known as Ibatan (though in ISO classification Ibatan is reserved for a closely-related language spoken in the Babuyan Islands, which is assigned the code [ivb] as opposed to [ivv])^[1] or Chirin nu Ibatan (meaning, "language or dialect of the Ivatan people"), is an Austronesian language spoken exclusively in the Batanes Islands. Despite the islands' closer proximity to Taiwan than Luzon, it is important to not group the language with Formosan languages, which in fact are assigned one of ten sub-families within the Austronesian language family,^[2] whereas Ivatan is included with other Philippine languages in the Malayo-Polynesian sub-family, an immense group of 1248 languages not restricted to the languages of the Philippines, but, as the name suggests, includes Malayic^[3] and Oceanic languages.^[4] Confuses arises because the Batanic, or more commonly, Bashiic division does contain Tao (Yami), a language spoken by the people of Orchid Island off the east coast of Taiwan, who are ethinically related to the Ivatan. ^[5][6] Tao is the closest language to Ivatan if Ibatan, whose status as an independent language is still unclear to scholars ,^[7] is disregarded.^[8]

Introduction

Ivatan is especially characterized by its words, which mostly have the letter v, as in vakul, Ivatan, and valuga. Letter e, is pronounced as the schwa oun, or uh, as in Dios Mamajes, 'di-yos-ma-ma-huhs', and palek 'pa-luhk'. While related to the Northern Philippine group of languages, Ivatan, having been isolated, is most closely to the two other members of the Bashiic sub-group of languages, Tao (Yami) and Ibatan, neither of which is indigenous to Luzon.^[9] It should be noted that Ibatan, spoken on the nearby Babuyan group of islands, is so similar to Ivatan that it is not entirely clear whether it should be classified as a dialect of Ivatan or a separate language, though each does receive its own code in ISO taxonomy.^[10] Supporting separate listings is the fact that Ibatan is 31% mutual intellible with Basco Ivatan, the standard form of the language, though that number rises to 64% for the Itbayaten form of the language.^[11] With Basco Ivatan, more commonly known as Ivasayen, an adjective denoting the Ivasayen people who inhabit the main island of Batan, and Itbayaten, derived from Itbayat, the name for the northernmost of the three islands, is a third dialect, Isamurongen, a dialect with a vocabulary identical to Ivasayen spoken on the southern half of Batan and on the most southern island, Sabtang.

As implied, notable variation exists in spoken Ivatan despite the fact that Batanes makes up roughly 200 km² and is home to only 18,000 inhabitants.^[12] Examination of the linguistic zones suggests that this is best explained by Batanes being composed of three islands rather than a single landmass, as these linguistic divisions roughly follow geographic ones, the notable exception being Isamurongen which is spoken on not only Sabtang, but Batan as well.

Perhaps this explanation can be seen most clearly in the differences in the dialects themselves, where lexiconical variation is insignificant, but phonological variation, often indictative of geographic isolation, is highly pronounced;^[13] The late advent of writing, which might have standardized pronunciation prior to divergence, could have also been a factor.

Variations in Language

In the capital of Basco and the surrounding northern half of Batan, the area encompassed by Ivasayen, t is prominent, whereas in the Isamurongen zone to the south (Mahatao, Ivana, Uyugan and Sabtang) that phoneme becomes a ch. Itbayaten is unique in that it incorporates words not in use in the other dialects, though such differences amount to 2% of the total vocabulary. ^[14]

Examples of the more visible variations of the Ivasayen and Isamurongen words and pronunciations are:

• tiban (to look) in Basco is chiban in the southern towns

• antiyao (later) in Basco is anchiyao in the southern towns

• cabatiti (patola) in Basco is cabachichi in the southern towns

• timoy (rain) in Basco is chimoy in the southern towns

Examples of different Ivasayen, Isamurongen and Itbayaten words that have the same English translation:

• adcan (to kiss) in Basco and the southern towns is umahan in Itbayat.

• arava (none) in Basco and the southern towns is aralih in Itbayat.

• bago (pig) in Basco and the southern towns is cuyis in Itbayat.

• otioyan (nest) in Basco, is ochoyan in the southern towns and hangtay in Itbayat.

• ipos (tail) in Basco is vochivot in the southern towns and also ipos in Itbayat.

The Ivatan language is basically a spoken language. Until lately, little effort was made to record the language in written form. What the young generation know about it is largely through hearing it spoken and speaking it.

Some tend to mix the Ivatan words to Filipino or vise versa in sentences, much worst is the combining or compounding of the Filipino words to the Ivatan words. One common example of this is – mapatak. This is derived from marunong (Filipino) and chapatak (Ivatan) which literally means someone who knows which were then compounded to form the word mapatak. This is actually the result of the influence of non-Ivatans who tend to speak the language & were then eventually adopted.

Another common mistakes that are often heard, is the mispronunciation of the Ivatan word like iskarayla – the correct is iskalayra – which means stairs, and tumaraya – the correct is tumayara – which means going up.

One unique characteristic of the language is its enormous street language. It is called street language because it emanated from the streets. Examples of these are: tanchew, coined from mirwa ta anchiyaw – literally means we’ll meet again later, and nganmu, coined from jinu ngayan mu – literally means where are you going. These are results of shortening the Ivatan phrases or sentences into one or two words depending on its usage.

Common Ivatan expressions have various origin such as:

• Dios Mamajes/ Dios Mamajes nu mapia
  Literally: "God reward you with goodness" or "God bless you"
  Usage: Used to show gratitude to someone

• Dios Mavidin
  Literally: "May God remain with you"
  Usage: Used by the person who is leaving

• Dios Machivan
  Literally: "May God go with you"
  Uasge: Used by the person who is staying behind

The Ivatan language is characterized with its pidgin Spanish, spoken with the musicality of southern Chinese accent.

Similarities of the language to other dialects in the Philippines includes the presence of the glottal stop in the pronunciation of words.

Phonology

The Ivatan language consists of 4 vowels, 21 consonants and 5 diphthongs.

• Vowels: a, e, i, u

• Diphthongs: aw, iw, ay, ey, oy

• Consonants: b, ch, d, f, g, h, hh, j, k, l , m, n, ng, ny, p, r, s, t, v, w, y

Grammar

Further information: Ivatan grammar

Cultural terms of the Ivatan people

• uve, ubi, sudi- yam; staple crop

• sudi- taro

• wakay- sweet potato

• bulyas- onions

• baka- cow

• kaddin- goat

• kayvayvanan- friendship; cooperative work by a community which starts at the blow of a shell horn called a vodiadong

• payohoan- helping one another; work club of teenagers who alternate their shifts

• paluwa; chinarem; tataya- three boats used for fishing

• kabbata- legends

• lagi- lyric folk songs

• kalusan- working songs

• sisyavak- humorous anecdotes and tales

• kabbuni- riddles

• pananaban- proverbs

• vachi- song leader

• mais- corn

• palay- rice plant

• dukay- sprouted mung beans

• rakarakanen- vegetables

• hagsa- an extinct wild deer

• vulaw a bagu- wild boar

• tatus- coconut crabs

• lakasan- tops of wooden trunks used for storing cloth and other valuables serve as benches

• dulang- low dining table

• bangku- low bench

• rahaung, camarin- a storeroom for larger farm equipment such as plows, harrows, sleds, card, and the ox-drawn pole used for clearing off sweet potatoes and other vines from fields being prepared for recultivation

• vuyavuy- a small palm growing usually on Batanes coastal hills

• talugung- a kind of conical hat woven from strips made from the stalk of a local plant called nini

• pasikin- small bamboo or rattan baskets worn on the back

• lukoy- bolo knife

• suhut- sheath of a bolo knife

• suut, vakul- a head-and-back covering woven from the stripped leaves of banana or the vuyavuy

• alat- baskets

• batulinaw- a necklace made of hollow globules (1½ cm. in diameter) interspersed with smaller pieces of gold in floral patterns and held together by a string made of fiber

• tamburin- an all-gold necklace whose beads are smaller and more ornate than the batulinaw, and lockets

• seseng, pamaaw, chingkakawayan, liyano, de pelo, dima s'bato, pitu s'bato, de perlas, bumbolya, karakol, pinatapatan- traditional earrings that come from the Spanish period

• angang- jars

• dibang - flying fish

• payi - lobster

• arayu - dorado

• mataw - dorado fisherman

• tipuho - breadfruit

• uhango - pandan

• tamidok - fern

• chayi - tree

• soot - generic term referring to the Ivatan rain cape made from the finely stripped leaves of the vuyavuy palm.

• vakul - woman's soot, worn on the head.

• kanayi - man's soot, worn on the shoulders.

• falowa - Ivatan boat, now usually motorized, for 10-20 passengers.

• tataya - Ivatan dory with twin oars, for 2-4 passengers.

• timban - church

• vanuwa - port

• avayat - a broad directional term used to indicate the west, a western direction or the western side.

• valugan - a broad directional term sued to indicate the east, an eastern direction or the eastern side.

• palek - sugar cane wine

• malisto- fast

• mawadi- slow

• mavid- beautiful

• kuman- eat

• minom- drink

• bapor, tataya- boat

• taw- sea

• ranum- water

• salao sao- wind

• cayvan- friend

• mahacay- man

• mavakes- woman

Ivatan literature

Ivatan legends

• Datu Tayong and Batbatan Otang

• Orayen and Pudalan

• The Origin of the "Nato"

• The Origin of the People of Sabtang

• The Legend of Layin

• The Two Fishermen

Ivatan songs

• Laganitan

• An Domana ‘O’ Vohan

• Taao Di Valogan

• Hapnit

• Ladji No Minasbang

• Didiwen Ko

Poems

• I Wanted Wings
• Meetings
• Alone
• Guide Me, My Guardian Angel

Ivatan Proverbs

• Ipangudidi mu u mapya nanawu.

Carry with you good teaching, always bear in mind sound advice.

• Arava u mayet an namaes u ryes.

There is no strong man when the sea is at its worst.

• Arava u ryes a abu su vinyedi.

There is no current that does not bounce back.

• Tumuhutuhud makaysed a tachi.

The feces that is dropped is sure comfort.

• Ulungen mu ava u kakedkeran mu.

Do not gore the peg where you are tied.

• Matakaw ava dimu u kasulivan.

Nobody can steal your knowledge.

• Nyeng mu a hukbiten ta isek ni tatumuk.

Grasp the opportunity because the bed bugs will carry and hide them inside the floor.

• Kanen mu ava u kakamay mu.

Do not eat your fingers.

• Arava u susuhan da su vahay a mapsek.

No one burns the house of a good man.

Selected Idioms

• Mahmahma u vatu kan uhu naw.

Stones are softer than his head.

• Umsi ava su vahusa u kamates.

Tomatoes do not bear eggplants.

• Tud da payramun u vinata naw.

They washed their face with what he said.

• Inulay mu ta tya naydited u uhu na.

Leave him alone for his head is tangled.

• Machitbatbay ka avan asa ka kaban amed.

Do not speak of a cavan for a measuring lime unit.

Ivatan Phrases

• Hello - Kapian capa nu dios

• How are you? - Ara ca mangu?

• I am fine - Taytu aco a mapia

• I am not fine - Ara coava mapia

• Thank you - Dios mamajes

• Where are you going? - Ngayan mo?

• I am going to... - Mangay aco du...

• Where is ___? - Ara dino si ___?

• Straight ahead - Diretso

• How much? - Pira?

• Good - Mapia

• No good - Mapia/Mavid ava

• Yes - Oon

• I want ___ - Makey ako no ___

• I don't want - Makey aco ava

• I have a problem - Mian problema ko

• No problem - Arava o problema

• Good luck - Mapia palak

• What's your name? - Sino ngaran mo?

• Where is the house of ___? - Jino vahay da ___?

• There- Du nguya

• Here- Diaya

• Hungy- Mapteng

• Thirsty- Ma-waw

• Tired- Mavanah

• Happy- Masuyot

Ivatan Words

Etymology

Coined words are two words combined to form one new word.

Loanwords are words in the language that have been borrowed from other languages.

Similarities with other Philippine languages

Similarities with the Tao language

Similarities with other Austronesian languages

Accommodation

Approval & Disapproval

Bank, Telephone & Post Office

Colors

Days of the Week

Direction

Cardinal numbers

Ordinal numbers

See also

• Languages of the Philippines
• Ivatan people
• Tao language

External links

• Official Site of the Batanes Province
• BatanesOnline.com
• The Ivatan
• Affiliation with the Yami of Taiwan
• Bansa.org Ivatan Dictionary
• Ivatan-English Dictionary from Webster's Dictionary
• [1]
• [2]
• [3]
• [4]
• [5]
• [6]
• [7]
• [8]
• [9]
• [10]

References

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