First Battle of Saigon

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First Battle of Saigon
Part of the Vietnam War

A dead Viet Cong on the grounds of the U.S. Embassy in Saigon. 31 Jan. 1968
Date January 30, 1968 - March 7, 1968 during the Tet Offensive
Location Saigon, South Vietnam
Result Allied tactical victory
Communist propaganda victory
Belligerents
South Vietnam
United States		 North Vietnam
Viet Cong
Commanders
Nguyen Van Thieu
William Westmoreland		 Vo Nguyen Giap
Battles and operations
of the Vietnam War
1st Ap Bac – Go Cong – Hiep Hoa – Chan La – 34A – Long Dinh – Quyet Thang 202 – Nam Dong – Gulf of Tonkin – An Lao – Bình Gia – Pleiku – Market Time – Vung Ro Bay – Thanh Hoa Bridge – Song Be – Ba Gia – Đồng Xoài – Starlite – Chu Lai – Plei Me – Hump – Gang Toi – Ia Drang – Game Warden – Sea Dragon – Crimp – Masher/White Wing – Cu Nghi – Kim Son – A Shau – Birmingham – Xa Cam My – Hastings – Prairie – Đức Cơ – Long Tần – Beaver Cage – Attleboro – Deckhouse Five – Cedar Falls – Tuscaloosa – Tra Binh Dong – Bribie – Junction City – Union – Hill 881 – 2nd Ap Bac – Malheur I and Malheur II – Nine Days in May – Union II – Vinh Huy – Buffalo – Con Thien – July Two – Hong Kil Dong – Swift – Wheeler/Wallowa – 1st Loc Ninh – Medina – Ong Thanh – Dak To – Phoenix – 1st Tet – Khe Sanh – Ban Houei Sane – 1st Saigon – Huế – Lang Vei – Lima Site 85 – May '68 – Kham Duc – Duc Lap – Sealords – Speedy Express – Dewey Canyon – 2nd Tet – Apache Snow – Hamburger Hill – Binh Ba – LZ Kate – Bu Prang – Chicago Peak – Texas Star – Cambodia – Kompong Speu – Prey Veng – Snuol – FSB Ripcord – Tailwind – Chenla I – Jefferson Glenn – Son Tay Raid – Lam Son 719 – Chenla II – Ban Dong – Hill 723 – FSB Mary Ann – Easter '72 – 1st Quảng Trị – 2nd Loc Ninh – An Lộc – Đồng Hới – Dong Ha – Kontum – 2nd Quảng Trị – End Sweep – Iron Triangle – Svay Rieng – Phuoc Long – Ho Chi Minh – Buôn Ma Thuột – New Life – Xuân Lộc – Truong Sa – 2nd Saigon – SS Mayagüez

Air operations
Farm Gate – Chopper – Ranch Hand – Pierce Arrow – Barrel Roll – Pony Express – Flaming Dart – Rolling Thunder – Steel Tiger – Arc Light – Tiger Hound – Shed Light – Bolo – Popeye – Niagara – Igloo White – Giant Lance – Commando Hunt – Menu – Freedom Deal – Patio – Linebacker I – Linebacker II – Homecoming – Baby Lift – Eagle Pull – Frequent Wind

The First Battle of Saigon fought during the Tet Offensive of the Vietnam War was the coordinated attack by communist forces, including both the North Vietnamese Army and the Vietcong, against Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam.

Contents

Background

In 1968 the communists launched the Tet Offensive. They attacked South Vietnam from all sides, largely by undercover Vietcong (VC).

Saigon was the main focal point of this offensive, but a total takeover of the capital, by military units, was not intended or feasible. They rather had six main targets in the city which 35 battalions of Vietcong were to attack and capture: the headquarters of the ARVN, President Thieu's office, the American Embassy, the Tan Son Nhut air base, the Long Binh Naval Headquarters, and the National Radio Station.

Battle

Attacking from all sides of the capital Saigon, the North Vietnamese Army (NVA), and VC launched 35 battalions at Saigon. Sapper Bns and the local forces attacked the Presidential Palace, the National Radio Station, the U.S. embassy, and other principal targets.

The 5th Vietcong Division launched an attack on the military bases at Long Binh, and Bien Hoa. The North Vietnamese 7th Division launched an attack on the U.S. 1st Infantry Division, and the 5th ARVN Division at Lai Khe. The VC 9th Division attacked the U.S. 25th Infantry Division at Cu Chi.

Adams photograph

The fighting in Saigon produced one of the Vietnam War's most famous images, photographer Eddie Adams' Pulitzer Prize-winning image of the summary execution of a Viet Cong prisoner on February 1, 1968.

Nguyen Van Lem was captured by South Vietnamese national police, who identified him as the captain of a Viet Cong assassination and revenge platoon, and accused him of murdering the families of police officers. He was brought before Brigadier General Nguyen Ngoc Loan, the chief of the national police, who briefly questioned him. General Nguyen then drew his sidearm and shot the prisoner. Nguyen's motives may have been personal; he had been told by a subordinate that the suspect had killed a police major who was one of Nguyen's closest friends, and the major's family as well.

Present at the shooting were Adams and an NBC television news crew. The photograph appeared on front pages around the world and won eight other awards in addition to the Pulitzer. The NBC film was played on the Huntley-Brinkley Report and elsewhere, in some cases the silent film embellished with the sound effect of a gunshot. General Westmoreland later wrote, "The photograph and film shocked the world, an isolated incident of cruelty in a broadly cruel war, but a psychological blow against the South Vietnamese nonetheless."

Aftermath

By early February, the Communist high command realized that none of their military objectives were being met, and they halted any further attacks on fortified positions. Sporadic fighting continued in Saigon until March 8. Some sections of the city were left badly damaged by the combat and U.S. retaliatory air and artillery strikes in particular. The Chinese district of Cholon suffered especially, with perhaps hundreds of civilians killed in the American counter attacks.

Notes


References

  • James R. Arnold (1990). The Tet Offensive 1968, Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-98452-4. 
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Saigon"

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